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Creating and Using Packages

Yasin Cakal

In Python, a package is a collection of modules that have been organized into a logical hierarchy. Packages allow you to further organize your code and abstract away implementation details.

Creating a Package

To create a package in Python, you create a directory with the name of the package and place one or more Python files (with the “.py” extension) in the directory. Each Python file in the directory is considered a module in the package. You can also create subdirectories in the package directory, which can be used to organize the modules into subpackages.

Using a Package

To use a package in Python, you use the “import” keyword followed by the name of the package and the name of the module you want to import. For example, consider the following directory structure:

my_package/
    __init__.py
    module1.py
    module2.py

To import the “module1” module from the “my_package” package, you can use the following code:

import my_package.module1

You can also use the “from” keyword to import specific functions or variables from a module in a package. For example, to import the “function1” function from the “module1” module in the “my_package” package, you can use the following code:

from my_package.module1 import function1

Conclusion

Using packages can help you organize your code and make it easier to reuse and maintain. It is an important concept to understand in Python, and one that you will encounter frequently as you continue to learn and develop your Python skills.

Exercises

Here are some exercises with solutions to help you practice what you just learned:

How do you create a package in Python?

For example, consider the following directory structure:

my_package/
    __init__.py
    module1.py
    module2.py

In the above example, “my_package” is the name of the package and “module1.py” and “module2.py” are two modules in the package.

How do you import a module from a package in Python?

To import a module from a package in Python, you use the “import” keyword followed by the name of the package and the name of the module you want to import. The syntax for importing a module from a package in Python is as follows:

import package_name.module_name

For example, to import the “module1” module from the “my_package” package, you can use the following code:

import my_package.module1

How do you import all functions and variables from a module in a package in Python?

To import all functions and variables from a module in a package in Python, you use the “from” keyword followed by the name of the package, the name of the module, and the “import” keyword followed by the “*” symbol. The syntax for importing all functions and variables from a module in a package in Python is as follows:

from package_name.module_name import *

For example, to import all functions and variables from the “module1” module in the “my_package” package, you can use the following code:

from my_package.module1 import *

How do you import a subpackage from a package in Python?

To import a subpackage from a package in Python, you use the “import” keyword followed by the name of the package and the name of the subpackage you want to import. The syntax for importing a subpackage from a package in Python is as follows:

import package_name.subpackage_name

For example, consider the following directory structure:

my_package/
    __init__.py
    module1.py
    module2.py
    subpackage/
        __init__.py
        submodule1.py
        submodule2.py

To import the “subpackage” subpackage from the “my_package” package, you can use the following code:

import my_package.subpackage

How do you import a module from a subpackage in a package in Python?

To import a module from a subpackage in a package in Python, you use the “import” keyword followed by the name of the package, the name of the subpackage, and the name of the module you want to import. The syntax for importing a module from a subpackage in a package in Python is as follows:

import package_name.subpackage_name.module_name

For example, to import the “submodule1” module from the “subpackage” subpackage in the “my_package” package, you can use the following code:

import my_package.subpackage.submodule1

Introduction to Python

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